Words Vs Weapons Essay Example for Free

Words Vs Weapons Essay Amadou Diallo was a 23-year old immigrant from West Africa who originally came to the United States to study Biochemistry. Upon reaching the country he was not able to enroll in university. Instead he opened a sidewalk stall selling gloves, videotapes and socks in the morning and went to school in the evening. In the early hours of February 4, 1999 (Amnesty International), Mr. Diallo was entering his building in the Bronx district after a meal. Four New York Police Officers, all members of the elite Street Crimes Unit spotted him. At that time the officers thought he matched the description of the serial rapist in the area. The officers were in plain clothes and approached Mr. Diallo. The following events were not clear but after everything, Mr. Diallo’s body was found riddled with bullets, 19 of which were considered fatal. There were 41 shots recorded in all, all coming from the four officers, none from the victim. A year after Mr. Diallo was defenselessly gunned down by four police officers in the Bronx district of New York, the case went to trial. In February 25, 2000 (Peet) the four police officers, Sean Carroll, Richard Murphy, Edward McMellon, and Kenneth Boss were all found not guilty of the death of the 23-year old West African. This case was to become one of the most controversial cases documented of police brutality in New York at the end of the century. After the verdict the World Socialist Website described the case as the â€Å"most appalling expression of the effective denial of basic democratic rights to working class and poor people†. Unfortunately the Diallo case is not an isolated case in the United States. In fact, it is a common situation that prevails between law enforcers and the public. International human rights organizations have put police brutality in the United States at the top of their priority. It is considered one of the most serious and divisive human rights violation in the country (Human Rights Watch). Although the Diallo case received nationwide attention because of the shear heinousness of the killing, there were other equally similar disturbing occurrences in other States. Atlanta alone recorded at least 12 shootings in the year 2000 (Wright). One of which was the shooting and killing of 18-year old Corey Ward. He was wrongly profiled as a criminal just because he was a young black man with a brand new SUV. It is also alarming that the same officer who mistook and gunned down Mr. Ward was involved in four other similar situations in the past. In another incident, a middle-aged woman, diagnosed with mental illness, was shot inside her own apartment. Barbara Schneider was killed in her own home after neighbors called the police to report that she had her radio too loud and they were concerned about her behavior. The police broke down her door and found her with a paring knife. Three shots and she was dead (Howell). Who could forget the case of Rodney King in 1991? Mr. King was repeatedly beaten by several police officers in Los Angeles after allegedly failing to stop when he was flagged down for a traffic violation. The whole world witnessed by videotape this horrifying ordeal of Mr. King. The acquittal of all the officers involved in the case triggered a stream of riots all over the city in 1992. The Los Angeles courts were forced to open up the investigation once again and this time the jury came back with a verdict of guilt of two officers, while the two others were acquitted for the second time. In recent times, police brutality and the use of excessive force seem to have become more rampant. In 2007 alone, the internet was bombarded with over 2,000,000 documented videos in this subject, all happening in the United States. The cases are of severe beatings, use of dangerous restraint techniques to subdue suspects (Amnesty International), unjustified shootings, fatal choking, and unnecessary rough treatment (Human Rights Watch) among other concerning interactions between police officers and the public they pledged to protect and serve.

Computer Addiction Essay -- essays research papers

Computer and internet have become daily features of our lives. Some people have displaced work, school, friends and even family with computer. When too much time is spent on the computer that it reaches a limit where family, social relationship, school and work life is interrupted, that people may be caught in addiction. Like any other addiction, computer addiction had replaced the importance of life with internet. Computers are bad for your health and decrease attachments with your true life. There are many signs and symptoms of computer addiction. A person might have a guilty feeling while on the computer, they might feel very sad and depressed when computer time is minimized or disturbed. That person might lose control of time when on the computer and are enable to quit or cut down computer time, use the computer often to replace their depression or sadness with happiness. They also ignore their family or responsibilities to be online, lie to other people about the time spend on the computer, may get tempted in a relationship with a stranger which may end up into victimizatio...

Mechanical Engineering Essay

Mechanical engineering is a discipline of engineering that applies the principles of engineering, physics and materials science for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. It is the branch of engineering that involves the production and usage of heat and mechanical power for the design, production, and operation of machines and tools.[1] It is one of the oldest and broadest engineering disciplines. The engineering field requires an understanding of core concepts including mechanics, kinematics, thermodynamics, materials science, structural analysis, and electricity. Mechanical engineers use these core principles along with tools like computer-aided engineering, and product lifecycle management to design and analyze manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and machinery, heating and cooling systems, transport systems, aircraft, watercraft, robotics, medical devices, weapons, and others. Mechanical engineering emerged as a field during the industrial revolution in Europe in the 18th century; however, its development can be traced back several thousand years around the world. Mechanical engineering science emerged in the 19th century as a result of developments in the field of physics. The field has continually evolved to incorporate advancements in technology, and mechanical engineers today are pursuing developments in such fields as composites, mechatronics, and nanotechnology. Mechanical engineering overlaps with aerospace engineering, metallurgical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, petroleum engineering, manufacturing engineering, chemical engineering, and other engineering disciplines to varying amounts. Mechanical engineers may also work in the field of Biomedical engineering, specifically with biomechanics, transport phenomena, biomechatronics, bionanotechnology and modeling of biological systems, like soft tissue mechanics. Mechanical engineering finds its application in the archives of various ancient and medieval societies throughout mankind. In ancient Greece, the works of Archimedes (287 BC–212 BC) deeply influenced mechanics in the Western tradition and Heron of Alexandria (c. 10–70 AD) created the first steam engine.[2] In China, Zhang Heng (78–139 AD) improved a water clock and invented a seismometer, and Ma Jun (200–265 AD) invented a chariot with differential gears. The medieval  Chinese horologist and engineer Su Song (1020–1101 AD) incorporated an escapement mechanism into his astronomical clock tower two centuries before any escapement can be found in clocks of medieval Europe, as well as the world’s first known endless power-transmitting chain drive. During the years from 7th to 15th century, the era called the Islamic Golden Age, there were remarkable contributions from Muslim inventors in the field of mechanical technology. Al-Jazari, who was one of them, wrote his famous Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices in 1206, and presented many mechanical designs. He is also considered to be the inventor of such mechanical devices which now form the very basic of mechanisms, such as the crankshaft and camshaft. Important breakthroughs in the foundations of mechanical engineering occurred in England during the 17th century when Sir Isaac Newton both formulated the three Newton’s Laws of Motion and developed Calculus, the mathematical basis of physics. Newton was reluctant to publish his methods and laws for years, but he was finally persuaded to do so by his colleagues, such as Sir Edmund Halley, much to the benefit of all mankind. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz is also credited with creating Calculus during the same time frame. During the early 19th century in England, Germany and Scotland, the development of machine tools led mechanical engineering to develop as a separate field within engineering, providing manufacturing machines and the engines to power them.[5] The first British professional society of mechanical engineers was formed in 1847 Institution of Mechanical Engineers, thirty years after the civil engineers formed the first such professional society Institution of Civil Engineers.[6] On the European continent, Johann von Zimmermann (1820–1901) founded the first factory for grinding machines in Chemnitz, Germany in 1848. In the United States, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) was formed in 1880, becoming the third such professional engineering society, after the American Society of Civil Engineers (1852) and the American Institute of Mining Engineers (1871).[7] The first schools in the United  States to offer an engineering education were the United States Military Academy in 1817, an institution now known as Norwich University in 1819, and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1825. Education in mechanical engineering has historically been based on a strong foundation in mathematics and science. Education Degrees in mechanical engineering are offered at universities worldwide. In Brazil, Ireland, Philippines, Pakistan, China, Greece, Turkey, North America, South Asia, India, Dominican Republic and the United Kingdom, mechanical engineering programs typically take four to five years of study and result in a Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng), Bachelor of Science (B.Sc), Bachelor of Science Engineering (B.ScEng), Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech), or Bachelor of Applied Science (B.A.Sc) degree, in or with emphasis in mechanical engineering. In Spain, Portugal and most of South America, where neither BSc nor BTech programs have been adopted, the formal name for the degree is â€Å"Mechanical Engineer†, and the course work is based on five or six years of training. In Italy the course work is based on five years of training, but in order to qualify as an Engineer you have to pass a state exam at the end of the course. In Greece, the coursework is based on a five year curriculum and the requirement of a ‘Diploma’ Thesis, which upon completion a ‘Diploma’ is awarded rather than a B.Sc. In Australia, mechanical engineering degrees are awarded as Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical) or similar nomenclature[9] although there are an increasing number of specialisations. The degree takes four years of full-time study to achieve. To ensure quality in engineering degrees, Engineers Australia accredits engineering degrees awarded by Australian universities in accordance with the global Washington Accord. Before the degree can be awarded, the student must complete at least 3 months of on the job work experience in an engineering firm. Similar systems are also present in South Africa and are overseen by the Engineering Council of South Africa (ECSA). In the United States, most undergraduate mechanical engineering programs are  accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) to ensure similar course requirements and standards among universities. The ABET web site lists 302 accredited mechanical engineering programs as of 11 March 2014.[10] Mechanical engineering programs in Canada are accredited by the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board (CEAB),[11] and most other countries offering engineering degrees have similar accreditation societies. Some mechanical engineers go on to pursue a postgraduate degree such as a Master of Engineering, Master of Technology, Master of Science, Master of Engineering Management (MEng.Mgt or MEM), a Doctor of Philosophy in engineering (EngD, PhD) or an engineer’s degree. The master’s and engineer’s degrees may or may not include research. The Doctor of Philosophy includes a significant research component and is often viewed as the entry point to academia.[12] The Engineer’s degree exists at a few institutions at an intermediate level between the master’s degree and the doctorate.

Should Sex Education Be Effective - 885 Words

The lack of information and proper sexual vocabulary is the foremost contribution to barriers in sexual communication. Adequate sexual education, knowledge of female and male sexual anatomy terms, the comfort in expressing these terms and religion contribute to barriers in sexual communication. For example, a two sexual partners. This couple can be a homosexual, heterosexual couple, whichever that can be imagined. If one partner does not know how to express and explain what feels good on what body part, it is difficult for the other partner to engage in what they find pleasurable. It is essential to have knowledge on your body and know the proper names. Sexual education is extremely important in informing youth about sex. More specifically, sex education â€Å"plays an essential role in preventing unplanned pregnancy and the transmission of sexual transmitted infections (STI)† (Grose et al., 2014, p. 742). Research shows that sex education in schools â€Å"may be well positioned to address social factors that are empirically linked to negative sexual health outcomes, such as traditional social norms surrounding genders and sexuality† (Grose et al., 2014, p. 742). Observing, the American ‘abstinence only’ sex education, it is not any form of education. It is telling children that they should not be having sex and that if they do there is a problem. Furthermore, it does not give the option to those that wish to have sex any information on how to practice safe sex, prevent pregnancy andShow MoreRelatedSex Education And Sexual Education1253 Words   |  6 Pagesteach sexual education classes, or teach abstine nce education classes? Pregnancy rates in America are slowly decreasing, but are still extremely high. According to K. F. Stanger-Hall (2011), Pregnancy rates in America are more than double the rates of other countries with 72.2% per 1000 girls between the ages of 15-19 becoming pregnant. The best way to lower teen pregnancy is to teach about prevention in schools with sex education or abstinence classes. Teenagers need to learn about sex so that theyRead More Education Is Key: A Comprehensive Approach to Sex Education Essay1579 Words   |  7 PagesSex education is about informing students about sex so that they can make educated decisions when the time comes to have sex. Sex education helps students protect themselves from unintended pregnancies, STDs, and HIV/AIDS. Students should leave a sex education course with the right tools so they make informed decisions about their sexual health and well-being. The goal of sex education is to provide a student with as much inform ation as possible so that they can use the skills they learned inRead More Sex Education Essay1112 Words   |  5 PagesSex Education Two drastic Emergency Room cases were handled in 1998 at Mary Washington Hospital. Concerned mothers brought their 12 year old daughters into the hospital thinking they were suffering from severe stomach pain or even appendicitis†¦both girls were actually in labor (Abstinence, 2002). The United States has the highest teen pregnancy, birth, and abortion rates in the Western world (Planned Parenthood, 2003). Are teens getting enough knowledge on sex and how to prevent STDs and unwantedRead MoreLet s Talk About Sex1410 Words   |  6 PagesLet’s Talk About Sex Living in a world where sexual imagery is produced rapidly throughout the media makes controlling what children are exposed to difficult. Rather than trying to control what a child is exposed to, it is important to know what children learn, especially when it comes to sexual health and sexuality. Many teenagers who are sexually active are not provided with educational resources informing them of the risks and consequences that come with having sex and unprotected sex because theirRead MoreShould Abstinence Only Sex Education?928 Words   |  4 PagesWhen I was in the eighth grade, I remember attending a sex education course. At the young impressionable age of fourteen, I listened quietly as the lecturer showed us grotesque pictures of sexually transmitted infections and warned us that abstinence was the only effective way to not get pregnant. At the end of lecture, everyone at the assembly was handed a little card that read, â€Å"Virginity Pledge† and we were all required t o sign them. Looking back on this memory, I am appalled by the severe lackRead MoreThe Importance of Comprehensive Sex Education to Decrease Teen Pregnancies894 Words   |  4 Pagespregnancy rate among teenagers. Our teenage girls are less developed and unprepared for the problems which come along with their decision to have sex. It is also too early for teenage girls to become pregnant. Many teens think having a baby is some sort of joke. They believe it will never happen to them but the reality is that every time teens have sex, there is a possibility that the sperm will find its way to the egg if they do not get protection. As a nation, or society, it is in our common interestRead MoreSex Education Is An Important, Emotional And Controversial1645 Words   |  7 PagesSex education is an important, emotional and controversial topic to teach youth in today’s world. The question is, what is the best information, and the best way to teach them? Comprehensive sex education is teaching teens how to practice safe sex, providing teens with types of protection, and how to use it, as well as services and resources available to help them in making decisions to practice safe sex. Abstinence-only programs teach teens to not have sex, or anything â€Å"arousing† until marriageRead MoreComprehensive Preparation For A Complete Life1068 Words   |  5 Pagesthat teens should be educated to prevent teen pregnancy, there is a debate on how it should be done. Currently, there are two forms of education focused on reducing teen pregnancies: abstinence-only education and comprehensive sex education with birth control. However, sex education and birth control are clearly the superior option, due to its effectiveness and the futility of abstinence-only education. Comprehensive sex education with an emphasis on birth control is a much more effective educationalRead MoreSex Education Programs1177 Words   |  5 PagesSex education programs were created to reduce the number of teen pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases, and HIV/AIDS. For a long time there has been a debate over which sex education method, comprehensive or abstinence only, should be taught to adolescents. Comprehensive sex education is an approach that â€Å"advocates giving teens age-appropriate instruction concerning birth control methods, safe sex, and differing sexual orientations† (Kelly, 2011, p. 153). This method may encourage abstinenceRead MoreThe System Of Sex Education Essay1034 Words   |  5 PagesSystem of Sex Education Abstinence education should be a part of sex education in schools because it is the best way to avoid the risks of unsafe sex. Children are only taught how to have sex, and they believe the pullout method is effective. Some children are not ready for sex, but they do it anyway because they are not told to wait. Abstinence should be taught as part of sex education because sexual transmitted disease, teen pregnancy, and abortion rates would decrease. Sex education in schools

Family Dermestidae and Dermestid Beetles

The family Dermestidae includes skin or hide beetles, carpet beetles, and larder beetles, some of which can be serious pests of closets and pantries. The name dermestid comes from the Latin derma, for skin, and este, meaning to consume. Description Museum curators know dermestid beetles all too well. These scavengers have a reputation for devouring museum specimens. Dermestid beetles protein-eating habits make them equally valuable in museum settings, however, as colonies of dermestids can be used to clean the flesh and hair from bones and skulls. Many entomology students have encountered dermestids as pests, too, as theyre known for their rather bad habit of feeding on preserved insect specimens. Forensic entomologists look for dermestid beetles at crimes scenes when trying to determine the time of the death of a cadaver. Dermestids typically appear late in the decomposition process, when the corpse begins to dry out. Dermestid adults are quite small, ranging from just 2 mm to 12 mm in length. Their bodies are oval and convex in shape, and sometimes elongated. Dermestid beetles are covered in hair or scales, and bear clubbed antennae. Dermestids have chewing mouthparts. Dermestid beetle larvae are worm-like, and range in color from pale yellowish brown to light chestnut. Like the adult dermestids, the larvae are hairy, most noticeably near the hind end. The larvae of some species are oval, while others are tapered. Classification Kingdom – AnimaliaPhylum – ArthropodaClass – InsectaOrder – ColeopteraFamily - Dermestidae Diet Dermestid larvae can digest keratin, the structural proteins in the skin, hair, and other animal and human remains. Most feed on animal products, including leather, fur, hair, skin, wool, and even dairy products Some dermestid larvae prefer plant proteins and feed instead on nuts and seeds, or even silk and cotton. Most adult dermestid beetles feed on pollen. Because they can digest wool and silk, as well as plant products like cotton, dermestids can be a real nuisance in the home, where they may chew holes in sweaters and blankets. Life Cycle Like all beetles, dermestids undergo complete metamorphosis with four life stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Dermestids vary greatly in the length of their life cycles, with some species going from egg to adult in 6 weeks, and others taking as long as a year or more to complete development. Females usually lay eggs in a dark crevice or other well-hidden location. Larvae molt through as many as 16 instars, feeding throughout the larval stage. After pupation, the adults emerge, ready to mate. Range and Distribution The cosmopolitan dermestid beetles live in varied habitats, provided theres a carcass or other food source available. Worldwide, scientists have described 1,000 species, with just over 120 known in North America. Sources: Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th Edition, by Charles A. Triplehown and Norman F. JohnsonKaufman Field Guide to Insects of North America, by Eric R. Eaton and Kenn KaufmanFamily Dermestidae, Bugguide.net, accessed November 25, 2011Dermestid Beetle, Texas AM AgriLife Extension, accessed November 25, 2011Dermestids, Utah State University Extension fact sheet

Essay On School-Wide Data Analysis - 1068 Words

School-Wide Data Analysis Overview I gathered and analyzed the MAP results for students who took Math, Reading, Science tests in grades k-9 in order to identify percentage of Students who met or exceeded their projected RIT (Rasch Unit) in 2016-2017 school year. I also analyzed the results by classroom, subject, and teacher. I used the MAP winter 2016 results, I prepared a projected proficiency summary report for the Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortia (SBAC) and ACT tests in spring 2017. Currently, I am helping the admin team to develop a plan for low performing teachers and students in order to increase student achievement in the area of concern. Theme The program assessment activity is aligned with â€Å"Standard 4. Curriculum,†¦show more content†¦I started my activity by gathering the math results in the fall 2016 term. The results shows â€Å"Norms Reference Data†, student’s RIT score, Projected RIT score and percentile in Math. I did the same method for gathering the data for reading, and science. At the end of the MAP fall test, I shared the test results with the classroom teachers and admin. The admin team also had one on one meeting with some of the teachers to talk about the projected goals and how we can help them to achieve these goals. After the spring test, I gathered the results in order to compare the growth between fall term and spring term in 2016-2017 school year. The tests results clearly show that 2nd and 4th grade students struggled with both subjects reading and math. 3rd grade and 6th grade students did not have a good year in Math. Overall all students in 3-8 grades did well in science except K-2 and 9 grade students because they did not take the test (see Appendix A for more information on The Percentage of Students who Met or Exceeded their Projected RIT). I combined all of the test results by teacher, classroom in order to have a deeper understanding of the results in teacher and classroom level. I took the average of The Percentage of Students who met or Exceeded their Projected RIT for each teacher. I sorted teachers by their performance and presented it to the admin team (see Appendix B for more information on the teacher performance). I also prepared projected proficiency reportShow MoreRelatedTax Pensions : A Solution To The Public Pension Crisis1407 Words   |  6 Pagesretirement from the state, the overall state retirement system would no doubt see a gain in revenue. The effects of the dual retirement restrictions may not be felt immediately, but will certainly offer a long-term benefit. The impact of the state-wide tax increase will be felt within one year of being implemented. Senator Chris McDaniel states in Tom Loftus, (2017) article that, â€Å"it’s going to be about 10 percent tax increase for all Kentuckians . . . † (pg. 2) which would pay off the current deficitRead MoreCurrent Conditions And Desired Conditions1421 Words   |  6 Pages Table of Contents Discussion of Instructional Problem 3 Current Conditions and Desired Conditions 3 Data Collection Process 4 Discussion of Data Collection Instruments Used 4 Discussion of Sources of Data 5 Data Gathered Through Other Sources 6 Results of Data Analysis 6 Data Analysis Techniques Used 6 Results of Analysis 7 Table 1 7 Table 2 8 Table 3 9 Findings of Needs Analysis 10 Need for Instruction 10 Goal of Instruction 11 Appendix A: Student Pre-Assessment 13 Appendix B: Teacher SurveyRead MoreElementary s Writing Workshop : Four Square Model1030 Words   |  5 Pageswell-written stories, essays, and descriptions. This method utilizes a simple graphical organizer to take students step by step through the writing process. It can be used for any type of writing project from a simple paragraph to a story or even a persuasive essay. During the project I worked to analyze student data and researched the Four Square Model for school-wide usage. Overview During the 2013-2014 school year, our third grade team and administration, evaluated student writing data and PASS projectionsRead MoreQuantitative Methods Have Their Strengths and Weaknesses. Discuss.1569 Words   |  7 Pageshave their own set of strengths and weaknesses. This essay will attempt to critically assess those characteristics and draw a comparison between quantitative methods and qualitative methods. The quantitative versus qualitative debate is an interesting topic in Sociological studies. In Miles and Hubermans 1994 book Qualitative Data Analysis, quantitative researcher Fred Kerlinger is quoted as saying, Theres no such thing as qualitative data. Everything is either 1 or 0. To this another researcherRead MoreCriminology : A Strange Beast1582 Words   |  7 Pagesdisciplines are not only a wide variety but are also highly thought provoking and when though about critically allow for interesting and frustrating debates. In this essay the main theories of Criminology which will be focused on will include: the Chicago School, Feminism, Classicism and Positivism. This essay will also explore the media and how it contorts certain aspects of crime and defame certain offenders more than others based on several different factors. Finally this essay will consider the rolesRead MoreCompare and Contrast Qualitative and Quantitaitve Research Methods1403 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and contrast Qualitative and Quantitative research methods Monique Gowans Charles Stuart University Compare and Contrast Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods Qualitative research methods are complex meaningful analysis characterised by processes and meanings that are not experimentally examined or measured in terms of mathematical measurements (Lincoln, 2003; Sarantakos, 2005). Quantitative research however, relies and builds on mathematical procedures and methods, suchRead MoreEssay about The Demands of Middle School Writing1471 Words   |  6 PagesAll middle school students, grades 6-8, are required to develop well-written compositions. According to the Louisiana Depart of Education (2008), to meet the demands of the comprehensive curriculum, these students are required to write complex multi-paragraph compositions with a clearly focused main idea and developed with relevant ideas, organization patterns, and structure that communicates clearly to the reader. The grade-level expectation also states that the students are required to use a varietyRead MoreThe Examination And Arrangement Estimation Of Student Performance Data That Originate From Testing The Psychological Abilities Of Students1519 Words   |  7 Pagescountries of the world today understand the examination and arrangement estimation of student performance data that originate from testing the psychological abilities of students. While there is wide variety crosswise over countries in testing - contrasting by topic, grade level, reason, and nature of testing - surveying, what students know instead of to what extent they have been in school has diffused the world over, to a limited extent at the incitement of worldwide advancement. To some degreeRead MoreThe Effects of Different Parenting Styles1075 Words   |  4 Pagesa sense of loss (Donnellan Firth, 2010). Hence this essay aims to prove how different parenting style affects the upbringing of a child, with the authoritative style being the most successful. This essay will first present an overview of the 3 most common parenting styles in the UK, followed by a detailed analysis on how paren ting styles affect the development of a child. This will be done by providing a comparison parenting styles on a wide range of youth outcomes, including well-being and self-esteemRead MoreCurriculum Guide For Spoken Language And Word Recognition1110 Words   |  5 PagesAlandou February 18, 2016 When quality practices are a part of a teacher’s daily arsenic instruction one will be able to identify evidence based strategies that would supply successful academic results despite a students’ disability. In this essay we will look at the challenges of teaching students with LD from the viewpoint of utilizing a Curriculum Guide; the strategies we will use with regard to ..............challenges we ran into to provide those services to students with LD. An attempt

Construction Management for Bill of Quantities †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Construction Management for Bill of Quantities. Answer: Introduction The report is based on Bill of Quantities (BOQ) for a new two storey brick building with concrete tiled roof consists of two apartments. The location of the construction of the building is at 52 box road, East Hills. The type of contract is basically based on Australian General Conditions of Contract. BOQ consists of bid process of entire project comprised of estimation of cost, tendering, opening of tender for the project as well as award of contract (Cunningham 2016). Proper cost estimation helps to determine feasibility study of given project and facility for procurement procedure of the project work. It helps to plan the finances needed for successful project completion. From the perspective of the contractors, proper cost estimation helps to prepare a bid for work and facilitate resource arrangements for evaluation as well as execution of the work. This particular report summarizes the importance of identification and pricing of cost significant preliminaries in order to increase chances of winning the tender of the East Hills project. It also analyzes the priced preliminaries bill for the cost significant preliminaries items for the provided project. From the tendering review, importances of the description of BOQ and in addition to its effects are highlighted throughout the project example. Project preliminaries costs Importance of accurately identifying and pricing cost-significant preliminaries to maximise chances of winning a tender Jayaraman and Jayaraman (2016) stated that the employer are selected the contractor based on lowest bid criteria. A lowest tendering price is a key significant way to win a tender. Seymour (2017) analysed that selection of lowest bid is not required to reflect true cost of the project work. Tender pricing is a major part to prepare of BOQ. In the given project, cost estimation is done for experienced workers such as sub-contractor those are specialized into building construction. The pricing cost significant preliminaries are done to have cost information based on interaction with the suppliers (Cunningham 2015). Tender price is taking price information throughout quotation for the suppliers as well as sub contractors. This particular project is a government project which provides higher quality and specializes into type of construction they go for quotations (Fichtner and Michel 2016). The success of contractor for obtaining of contract is based on quality of the quotations received for the materials and items to subcontract. It is also required to have competitive prices at the time to prepare the estimation of cost. Standard procedures are being established to the responsibilities of the person those are to carry out the bid functions as well as negotiations that rose (Abas 2017). The list of the items for which there is requirement of quotations is being established with comprehensive assessment of the contracted documents. The contractor submits a tender for the project which sets out experience of the organization to undertake the building construction project, their proposed approach and estimation of cost to undertake the project (Larson and Gray 2013). In order to win a contract, a proper tender documentation is required for the project. Into the construction environment, the contractors are tendered low for the elements like preliminaries as well as earthworks to win of the contracts. However, prediction of low bid is a difficult task for the given project. Into the project, lower bid is awarded the contract, then it is suggested that predictions of lower bid is proper for winning the tender. Peng, Ding and Yu (2016) mentioned that bidding performance is analysed by design estimators. The quality of advice offered to the client is improved if the consultant can see the design cost from the bidding results. Then, the contractor can able to relate its ability in order to win the contracts (Abas et a l. 2017). The contractors are submitted lower prices for the project elements in order to win contracts of the tender. Project overhead estimation is required to improve the accuracy of the tender pricing. Efforts are provided to improve the methods to estimate the indirect cost. The contractor gains a competitive edge by adjusting the preliminaries such as project overhead. Goh and Hall (2013) forwarded the project scenario and concluded that quotations are obtained among the supplier and subcontractor. Therefore, proper project pricing for the project overheads are required to get success into the project bid (Wang and Wei 2014). Into the construction industry, preliminaries are subjective as well as most of the times it is difficult to price the system work. The first section of work is bill of quantities which consist of the financial matters those are related to the contract (Azam, Sabrina and Mohyin 2016).The contractor has responsibility to price the preliminaries items into the tender based on project requirements. Anifowose et al. (2013) explained that preliminaries section of the bill of quantities contains of two distinct types of items. The items those are not specific but have identifiable cost considered for the purpose of tendering such as contractual necessity for insurances, site ability for the employer as well as payment towards the local authority (Kang et al. 2013). Items those are fixed as well as associated cost which derives from the contractors predictable method to bring out the project work. The works are associated to bring of plant from the site and provided that of temporary works (Jayaraman and Jayaraman 2016). The time associated subdivision is provided for the preliminaries items which allow the tenderers to cost the items individually. The tenderer has the capability to expand the time related cost items to outfit particular methods of building construction. The achievement of contractor for gaining of contract is based on superiority of the quotations established for the materials in addition to items to contract out (Brook 2016). Therefore, pricing the preliminaries items are significantly required to maximise chances of winning the tender for the project. Priced preliminaries bill for the identified cost-significant preliminaries items for the given project Preliminaries Bill Item Description Amount ($) Pricing approach with justification 1 Establishment of the site 1.1 Site clearance for construction of new two storey brick building 14,000 The area of the site consists of 400m2 for a cost of $35 per m2, therefore the site clearance cost is (400*35) = $14,000. 1.2 Scaffold, plant and equipments, lifts as well as cranes 20,000 The total of space is 500m2 for cost of $40 per m2, therefore the cost is (500*40) = $ 20,000. 1.3 Testing of the soil 20,000 The total area for building the two storeys is 400m2, where the cost for testing the soil is $50; hence the cost is $20000. 1.4 Authority charges 840 Authority charges $30 for the project with working day of total 28 days. 2 Groundwork 2.1 Filling to the garden beds 740 The garden bed is cultivated to 100 deep with area of 37m2, the estimated cost is $20; hence the total cost is (37*20) = $740. The top soil mixture of the garden beds comprise of three parts with imported topsoil and one part is compost. 2.2 Organic fertilizer 2590 The organic fertilizer is being specified applied at rate of 3kg per 10m2, includes of cultivation to depth of 200 and ranks to surface level with adjacent surfaces. The area is 37m2 with cost of $70; hence the cost is (37*70) = $2590. 2.3 Planting and association of excavation as well as filling of the work 300 There is supply of 140 dia pots and plant into the beds are specified as ceria turbinate with total number of 10, and cost of $30; hence the total cost is (10*30) = $300. 2.4 Excavation and beds for the paths 208 There is excavation of the materials commerce of 16m3 at reduced level not exceed 1.0m of total depth of strip footings. It costs of $13 per m3, hence the total cost is (16*13) = $208. 2.5 Excavation for the electrical and drainage services 6800 4*25mm2 PVC cables into trenches (minimum 600m cover) as well as it are drawn into conduits. It includes for excavation, maintenance faces of excavation, backfilling, warning tape with disposal of surplus spoil. The total area is 34m with cost of $200; hence the cost is $6800. 2.6 Excavation from rain and percolating water by way of pumping out 200 15 diameter pipe works into chases in brickwork is 10m, with cost of $20; hence the cost is $200. 2.7 Maintenance faces to side of excavation not to exceed 1.0m total depth for the strip footings 2120 The area of the excavation for the strip footings is 53m3 with cost of $40 per m3; hence the price is $2120. 3 Windows and doors 3.1 Aluminium framed window 3000 There are two anodised aluminium framed sliding window units inclusive of factory glazing, fixings, furniture as well as trims. It suits of opening 1210 wide* 1029 high with includes of building into brick cavity wall. Each of the windows is cost of $1500. Therefore, the costs of the windows are (2*1500) = $3000. 3.2 Metal door frames 6000 There are six metal door frames to suit 2040*820*35 thick single leaf doors, complete with pair of steel butt hingers, latch keep, striking plate includes for the building 110 thick brick partition walls. Each of the windows is cost of $1000. Therefore, the costs of the windows are (6*1000) = $6000. 3.3 External timber doors 10,000 It is 1 half glazed single door, 2040*820*40 (timber frame measured). 1 glazed single entry door in door and sidelight assembly to suit overall opening size 1280 wide x 2067 high (door only: timber frame complete with sidelight). The total cost estimated as $10,000. 3.4 Internal timber door 2000 There is total of 1 single door of 2040*720*35 thick, 4 sliding door of 2040*820*35 thick and 6 single door of 2040*820*35 thick. Cost is $2000. 3.5 Security viewers 300 There are 2 security viewers which are fixed into the entry door to the apartments. The total cost is $300. 4 Finishes 4.1 Concrete stair landing $80 Preparing of concrete stair landing used to receive cement render by coating with PVA bonding agent with area of 4m2, and cost of $20, hence (4*20) = $80. 4.2 Concrete stair flights It consists of area of 5m2 with cost of $10, hence (5*10) = $50. 4.3 Concrete stair strings and floor slaps 30,000 The concrete stair strings consists of width of 130-280mm with floor slaps into wall area of 0-250mm high. Both are cost of $60, hence the total cost is (250mm*60+250mm*50) = $30,000 4.4 Door stops 3000 Wall mounted door stop, approximately 75 long overall, comprising screw fixed nylon, cast brass or diecast base plate and a close wound spiral wire with plastic tip. The cost of the door stops are $3000. Conclusion It is concluded that this particular report is based on estimation of preliminary cost of the items in the project which is conducted for construction of two storey building. Estimation of the price is focused on tender pricing and building up rates for the selected activities from BOQ. The project parties participate into involvement into pricing for this particular project and factors are considered when tender pricing is identified. It is analysed that the tender pricing process consists of receipt of invitation to the tender, decision to the tender, collection of tender documents, examination of the tender documents, collection of tender documents, tender adjudication as well as submission of the tender documents. At the time of pricing the preliminaries items, availability of the project resources, materials, plant and technology are to be considered at pricing time. Pricing of the tender is considered as the major part to prepare the BOQ. This particular procedure is to be done with use of various cost information. In order to do the lower bid, it is considered as difficult task for the given project. Into the project work, there is lower bid that is awarded the contract, and then it is recommended that forecasting of lower bid is appropriate for winning the tender of this particular project work. References Abas, A.A., Ismail, Z., Ismail, F. and Arshad, R.A., 2017. Cost of Preliminaries of Construction Projects for Civil Infrastructure Works in Malaysia.Sains Humanika,9(2). Anifowose, M.O., Ola-awo, W.A. and Mohammed, T.U., 2013. Assessment of Cost Management Functions of Quantity Surveyors with Lean Methodology.International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering and Technology,4(2), pp.67-81. Azam, N., Sabrina, Z. and Mohyin, N.A., 2016. Review on costs management in construction. InIIUM Journal of Educational Studies(pp. 30-52). IIUM Press. Brook, M., 2016.Estimating and tendering for construction work. 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